Understanding Trauma

Some experiences can stay with us long after they have happened.

For some people, the impact fades over time. For others, certain experiences may continue to affect how they feel, think, relate to others, or respond to everyday situations.

This page explains some of the experiences commonly associated with trauma and outlines some of the support options available.

What Is Trauma?

Trauma is a word often used to describe the emotional, psychological, or physical impact of experiences that feel overwhelming, frightening, distressing, or difficult to process.

People can respond to similar experiences in very different ways. What feels manageable for one person may feel overwhelming for another.

Trauma is not defined solely by an event itself, but also by how that experience affects the person who lived through it.

Common Signs

Feeling constantly on edge or alert
Feeling unsafe, even when there is no immediate danger
Unwanted memories of past experiences
Difficulty trusting others
Feeling emotionally numb or disconnected
Avoiding certain people, places, or situations
Strong emotional reactions to reminders of past experiences
Difficulty sleeping
Feeling irritable or easily startled
Difficulty concentrating
Feeling detached from yourself or the world around you
Experiencing feelings of shame, guilt, or self-blame

Experiencing some of these signs does not necessarily mean you are experiencing trauma-related difficulties. However, if they are persistent, distressing, or beginning to affect daily life, it may be helpful to explore additional support.

Take a Moment to Reflect

Feeling affected by past experiences long after they occurred
Avoiding reminders of certain events
Feeling constantly alert or on guard
Experiencing unwanted memories
Difficulty trusting others
Feeling disconnected from yourself or others
Being easily startled
Difficulty relaxing or feeling safe
Feeling emotionally numb
Feeling unsettled by past experiences

Support Options

If several of the experiences on this page feel familiar, you may wish to explore additional support.

For some people, this starts with a conversation with their GP. Others may choose to access NHS services, community support, workplace support programmes, or speak with trusted friends or family members.

Some people also choose to work with a therapist to better understand what they are experiencing and explore ways of moving forward.

The right approach will depend on your individual circumstances and preferences.

Can Therapy Help?

Many people choose to speak with a therapist when past experiences continue to affect their wellbeing, relationships, confidence, or day-to-day life.

Therapy can provide a confidential space to explore these experiences at a pace that feels appropriate for you, understand their impact, and consider ways of moving forward.

Different therapists work in different ways. Finding a therapist who feels right for you can be an important part of the process.

Find a Therapist

If you would like to explore therapy, Mindtend allows you to browse verified therapists and choose someone who feels right for you.

All therapists on the platform are independently qualified and personally verified before joining.

You can view therapist profiles, learn more about their experience and approach, and choose a therapist based on your own preferences.

Browse Therapists

Additional Support

  • Your GP
  • NHS Talking Therapies
  • NHS 111
  • Samaritans – 116 123 (24 hours a day)
  • Shout – Text SHOUT to 85258 (24 hours a day)
  • SANEline – 0300 304 7000 (4:00pm–10:00pm daily)
  • Emergency Services (999) if there is an immediate risk to life or safety